The argumentative value of the enumeration in the journalistic columns of Jaime Campmany. A qualitative approach

Este artículo aborda el estudio del valor argumentativo de la enumeración. Se realiza una aproximación cualitativa a la argumentación, uno de los elementos de la retórica clásica, como uno de los elementos de persuasión presentes en las columnas periodísticas de opinión. Desde esta concepción se ha realizado un análisis de la retórica del texto en la columna de opinión de Jaime Campmany titulada Escenas políticas, que se publicó en el diario ABC desde 1977 hasta 2005. La metodología utilizada ha sido de carácter cualitativo. Dado el uso abundante y variado que hace de la figura de la enumeración, se llevó a cabo una clasificación del carácter de éstas para poder concluir el valor argumentativo de su uso, que pretende una mayor implicación del lector que mejore la eficacia comunicativa.This article deals with the study of the argumentative value of the enumeration. A qualitative approach to argumentation is made, one of the elements of classical rhetoric, as one of the elements of persuasion present in the journalistic columns of opinion. From this conception an analysis of the rhetoric of the text has been carried out in Jaime Campmany’s opinion column entitled Political Scenes, which was published in the ABC newspaper from 1977 to 2005. The methodology used was of a qualitative nature. Given the abundant and varied use that makes the figure of the enumeration, a classification of the character of these was carried out in order to conclude the argumentative value of its use, which aims at a greater implication of the reader that improves the communicative effectiveness

Influence of the Periodontal Disease, the Most Prevalent Inflammatory Event, in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Linking Nutrition and Energy Metabolism

Periodontal disease is considered one of the main pathologic diseases occurring in humans. Its pathologic process involves inflammatory reactions producing periodontal bone resorption and the tooth loss. But some patients do not present an evident clinical inflammation with bone resorption, and in others, the inflammation is prominent without bone resorption. A key question could be to investigate a different way of responding to aggression. Inflammation requires a complex intracellular metabolic process, starting with the harmful recognition and activation of the inflammasome, continues the energy supply with the alteration of oxidative stress conditions, and finishes with the elimination of the aggression with autophagy/apoptosis mechanisms, then concludes with recovery. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are essential molecules produced in inflammation, and its genes and its activation have been related to periodontal disease. Also, an important aspect is the influence of PPARs in bone metabolism; the main periodontitis symptom is bone loss and PPARγ activation that can downregulate the bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, PPARγ-coated titanium dental implant surfaces could carry the antiinflammatory gene and restrain inflammation. PPARs could be one of the meeting background points with atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome showing a modified proinflammatory statement such as it is described in periodontitis

AMPK Phosphorylation Modulates Pain by Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome

Impairment in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation are associated with several metabolic and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the molecular mechanism underlying pain perception. Results: Impairment in AMPK activation induced by compound C or sunitinib, two AMPK inhibitors, provoked hyperalgesia in mice ( p < 0.001) associated with marked NLRP3 inflammasome protein activation and increased serum levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) (24.56 – 0.82 pg/ml) and IL-18 (23.83 – 1.882 pg/ml) compared with vehicle groups (IL-1b: 8.15 – 0.44; IL-18:4.92 – 0.4). This effect was rescued by increasing AMPK phosphorylation via metformin treatment ( p < 0.001), caloric restriction diet ( p < 0.001), or NLRP3 inflammasome genetic inactivation using NLRP3 knockout (nlrp3-/ - ) mice ( p < 0.001). Deficient AMPK activation and overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome axis were also observed in blood cells from patients with fibromyalgia (FM), a prevalent human chronic pain disease. In addition, metformin treatment (200 mg/daily), which increased AMPK activation, restored all biochemical alterations examined by us in blood cells and significantly improved clinical symptoms, such as, pain, fatigue, depression, disturbed sleep, and tender points, in patients with FM. Innovation and Conclusions: These data suggest that AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome axis participates in chronic pain and that NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by AMPK modulation may be a novel therapeutic target to fight against chronic pain and inflammatory diseases as FM. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 157–170.Junta de Andalucía CTS11

Influencia de los parámetros mitocondriales en el agradamiento gingival inducido por ciclosporina y nifedipina: ensayo sobre modelo animal

El agrandamiento gingival es una entidad patológica englobada dentro de la clasificación de la enfermedad periodontal. Las causas más comunes son en primer lugar como manifestación secundaria al consumo de fármacos - hidantoínas, ciclosporina y bloqueantes de los canales del calcio – y en segundo lugar, la forma idiopática asociada a un síndrome denominado fibromatosis gingival hereditaria. La clínica de este agrandamiento gingival está bien definida, pero las vías moleculares no quedan del todo claras a pesar del gran número de ensayos que la han abordado. En general se habla de una etiopatogenia multifactorial en la que se asocian proliferación de fibroblastos con descenso en su apoptosis, disminución de la degradación de la matriz con aumento de su depósito y la presencia de diversos factores de crecimiento. En el presente estudio hemos tratado de aclarar el papel que juega la mitocondria en este proceso. Se conoce la importancia que esta organela toma en procesos como la inflamación y distintas enfermedades sistémicas, entre ellas la enfermedad periodontal. Además, al tratarse de fármacos cuya diana principal no va a ser la encía pero que actúan a este nivel, queremos ver cómo afectan a otro órgano de vital importancia, pero del que no tenemos una visión clínica directa, como es el corazón. Para lograr nuestros objetivos hemos usado en primer lugar un modelo animal en el que inducimos la patología con fármacos (ciclosporina A o nifedipina) comparándolos con un grupo control, y en segundo lugar hemos evaluado el tejido gingival de dos pacientes diagnosticados de fibromatosis gingival hereditaria. Así, hemos estudiado los tejidos a nivel histológico, ultraestructural y bioquímico con diversas técnicas. Analizando los resultados hemos encontrado que los cambios morfológicos y funcionales en la mitocondria y el estrés oxidativo podrían estar involucrados en la etiopatogenia de este proceso. El tratamiento con ciclosporina produjo un incremento del estrés oxidativo a nivel cardiaco, por lo que el paciente podría beneficiarse de un cotratamiento con antioxidantes para el control de este efecto secundario al fármaco. Seguimos necesitando más estudios que nos permitan aclarar las vías moleculares en este proceso

Comparative differential study of comorbid symptomatic groups associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) make up a diagnosis characterized by a multifunctional neurocognitive disorder, based on a limited structure to perform nodal-synaptic interrelationships between the contents of learning. Likewise, this disorder may be associated with a set of comorbid symptom groups, which, regarding their intensity, may border with ASD main diagnosis and lead to basic errors that affect subsequent social- educational treatment. This study analyses most recurrent associated comorbid groups, as well as, if the presence of symptomatic comorbid groups is differential regarding group shape: normotypical and ASD groups. A total of 390 children participated in this study, 128 belonged to normotypical group and 262 did it to experimental group, subdivided into three levels of ASD. Results found through multivariate- test indicate that the whole dimension significantly affects group way intersection, age and sex (sig: .00). The post-hoc test analysis indicates this influence was      differential regarding to the group type for the following dimensions: cognition, behaviour, psychoaffectivity, language and psychomotor disorder, while relative differences were not observed in specific- clinical dimension, where only epilepsy showed a differential result: no differences were found in general- clinic dimension. Lay abstract ASD´ diagnosis and treatment shows, to date, many weak points that need to be improved. Previous studies have shown how important is the psycho-educational component regarding ASD treatment, therefore it is necessary to understand the specific characteristics of the nuclear ASD diagnosis, in order to work out a specific therapy according to every single case.  In the current study, we examined and analysed ASD patients as well as participants showing comorbid symptoms such as epilepsy, in order to show how these comorbidities can reach a very high level, leading to a confused and wrong ASD nuclear diagnosis.  Therefore, it is essential to gain more insight into the specific diagnosis process, defining the ASD symptoms very precisely in order to develop more accurate and specific educational programs.  This study contributes to the improvement in ASD diagnosis, providing a large number of participants in order to study the relation between several comorbid symptoms and its reliability as ASD indicative factors or not

Sistema SAGAS: herramienta de soporte al subtitulado para personas sordas

Siguiendo legislación en España, en televisión se deben alcanzar unas cuotas en el servicio de subtitulado para personas sordas, además, los subtítulos deben elaborarse siguiendo normativa. Este marco regulador conlleva una demanda de tecnología que facilite a los radiodifusores y productores de contenido la generación de subtitulado, como es la generación automática de subtitulado a partir de reconocimiento de audio. En este trabajo se presenta “SAGAS, Sistema Avanzado de Generación Automática de Subtítulos”, que proporciona subtítulos adecuados a la norma española para contenido vídeo que vaya acompañado de un guión o transcripción.Following legislation in Spain specific TV quotas must achieved in Subtitling Service for deaf people and additionally subtitles should be developed according to regulations. This regulatory framework implies a technology demand to facilitate broadcasters and content producers to generate subtitling, like automatic subtitling from Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). This paper introduces “SAGAS prototype (Advanced System for automatic generation of subtitles)” which provides subtitles according to Spanish standard from an audio and a transcript

Fibroblasts Collagen Production and Histological Alterations in Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a disorder for which the etiology remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the fibroblasts and histological alterations to give new clues. A father and a daughter of a family showing gingival hereditary fibromatosis were treated, and gingival biopsies were obtained. A histological study revealed dense fibrous tissue, basal lamina disruption, and epithelial cell migration into the connective tissue. Fibroblasts were cultured from the father and daughter and compared with those from a healthy control patient. The results of the biochemical analysis showed increased collagen synthesis, reduced antioxidant CoQ10 content, and high levels of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, fibroblasts culture incubation with the oxidant H2O2 increased collagen levels that have been reduced by the addition of the antioxidant CoQ10. We conclude that some fibroblasts metabolic alterations play a significant role in initiating and maintaining persistent fibrotic tissue. Oxidative stress influences the fibroblasts collagen production and could play a particular role in the pathogenesis of hereditary gingival fibromatosis

Implementación de un módulo de laboratorio para la simulación del proceso de selección de materiales para la Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial de la ESPOCH.

El módulo de laboratorio para la simulación del proceso de selección de materiales se encuentra dentro del laboratorio de automatización de la Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, este utiliza para dicha simulación un brazo SCARA, una banda transportadora y un PLC S71200 con mando touch. La construcción de la parte mecánica del módulo se realizó de la siguiente manera; sobre una estructura de tubo cuadrado de 2 mm de espesor se apoyaron perfiles de aluminio para la conformación de la mesa que soporta los demás elementos. La banda transportadora se hizo de tela lienzo y cuenta con dos rodillos de acrílico. Por otra parte el brazo SCARA está compuesto de dos eslabones de tubo cuadrado de aluminio y una base de tubo de acero inoxidable; para el movimiento transversal en el eje Z se utilizó un tornillo sin fin de acrílico. Para conseguir invertir los giros de los motores de los movimientos del brazo SCARA se utilizó el circuito “puente H”. Una pantalla KTP 600 Basic Mono PN fue utilizada para construir el control touch del proceso y posteriormente se elaboró la programación y la configuración del panel HMI. En el manual de operación y mantenimiento que se elaboró se detallan los pasos que se debe seguir para el uso del sistema. Este módulo se implementó con fines didácticos, con el objeto de dar a conocer que existen tecnologías útiles que optimizan y facilitan un proceso además de salvaguardar la integridad de los operarios en tareas que les podrían resultar peligrosas.  The laboratory module for the material selection simulation process is located into the automation laboratory of industrial engineering school, this laboratory uses a SCARA arm, a conveyor and an S71200 PLC with a touch command. The mechanical construction of the module was performed in the following way: over the two-millimeter thick square tube structure some aluminum sections were held to build the table supporting the elements. The conveyor belt was manufactured in linen fabric and contains acrylic rollers. On the other hand the SCARA arm is made up of two aluminum square tube shackles and a stainless steel tube base; for the transversal motion of Z axis it was necessary to use an endless acrylic screw. To revert the rotation of the motors which move the SCARA arm, it was necessary to use "H Bridge". A KTP 600 PN Basic Mono screen was used to build touch control of the process, and then the programming and setting of the HMI panel was also made. This module has been implemented for didactic purposes, in order to make people know about the existing useful technologies which optimize and ease the process as well as safeguarding the integrity of the workers in the activities which would be dangerous

Salmonella infection in mesenteric lymph nodes of breeding sows

Salmonellosis is one of the main foodborne diseases worldwide. Breeding sows asymptomatically infected with Salmonella can transmit the pathogen to piglets and humans. The isolation of Salmonella from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) is considered a demonstration of asymptomatic infection in swine. As previous breeding sow studies have been performed using feces, the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Salmonella infections by sampling MLNs, in comparison to their serological status. First, Salmonella fecal shedding was studied in 12/16 large breeding farms to establish the framework of study. Then, MLN (n = 264) and blood (n = 237) samples were obtained at an abattoir from sows of 15 of these 16 breeding farms. Additionally, risk factors associated with Salmonella MLN infection were analyzed. A total of 6.1% (16/264) sows, distributed in 40% (6/15) of the farms, had the pathogen in MLN. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequent serovar isolated. Interestingly, 43.8% (7/16) of MLN isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested and were found distributed throughout all farms with at least one sow positive. As well, one isolate of the emerging DT195 clone was detected and found to be resistant to six antibiotic families (ASSuTNx-Cfx). The serovars and the resistance profiles of the Salmonella isolates from feces were completely different to those obtained from MLNs. The seroprevalence (41.8% of sows and 100% of farms) was higher than that of MLN infections, showing no concordance (k = 0.15) between these two diagnostic tests in sows. Strategies directed to correct two risk factors (i.e., administration of dry food and old premises) would most likely help to reduce Salmonella infections in breeding sows.The work was financed by Departamento de Industria, Energía e Innovación of the Navarra Government [reference IIQ14064.RI1] and Instituto Navarro de Tecnología e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias S.A. -INTIA- [reference CAM2011030054]. VG, SS, BSR and LMG contracts were funded by UPNA postdoctoral fellowship, Erasmus Mundus EMUNDUS18 Program, CSIC JAE-Doc Program, and INIA-European Social Fund, respectively. We are grateful to farmers, veterinaries and slaughterhouse workers as well as to the temporal students Naroa Remondegui, June Landa (JAE-Intro CSIC-FEDER fellowship), Ruth Erro and Mirian Samblas